Comparison of the etiological constitution of two and three or more recurrent miscarriage / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To compare the etiological constitution of recurrent miscarriage (RM) between patients with consecutive two and three or more miscarriages through combining the routine examination results and embryonic karyotype. Methods Patients with a history of two or more consecutive clinical miscarriages(≤12 weeks of gestation)consulting in the RM clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2011 to January 2016 were collected. Six hundred and ninety-six with detailed history recorded, routine clinical examinations of RM and at least once embryonic karyotype were ultimately enrolled in this study. Their etiological constitution of RM were analyzed in groups of consecutive two and three or more miscarriage. The etiologies of RM in analysis consisted of women age, body mass index (BMI), chromosome abnormalities of couples, uterine abnormalities, endocrinology abnormalities and antiphospholipid syndrome(APS). Results (1)Among 696 patients, the abnormal embryonic karyotypes was 60.6%(422/696)and routine RM etiologies was 32.2%(224/696), leaving the ratio of unexplained RM was only 29.0%(202/696).(2)A total of 717 embryo karyotype were found in 696 patients, included 21 cases with twice embryo karyotype results the percentage of normal embryo was 39.7%(285/717), while abnormal ones was 60.3%(432/717). Among the types of abnormal karyotype, the most common ones (>10%)were trisomy 16(19.2%, 83/432), monosome X(11.3%, 49/432)and trisomy 22(10.9%, 47/432). (3)Among the 696 RM patients, the number of two and three or more miscarriages were respectively 446(64.1%,446/696)and 250(35.9%,250/696). Comparing groups of three or more miscarriages with two miscarriages, there were significant differencein older age as well as uterine adhesion(P<0.05). But no difference was found in body mass index(BMI), the rates of chromosome abnormalities of couples, uterine abnormalities except uterine adhesion, endocrinology abnormalities and APS (all P>0.05) between two groups. Conclusions The abnormal embryonic karyotype is the most common cause of first-trimester RM. The etiological constitution of two and three or more recurrent miscarriages is accordant, suggesting that routine clinical examination and the embryonic karyotype should be started following two consecutive clinical early miscarriages.

Correction of β-thalassemia mutant by base editor in human embryos

β-Thalassemia is a global health issue, caused by mutations in the HBB gene. Among these mutations, HBB -28 (A>G) mutations is one of the three most common mutations in China and Southeast Asia patients with β-thalassemia. Correcting this mutation in human embryos may prevent the disease being passed onto future generations and cure anemia. Here we report the first study using base editor (BE) system to correct disease mutant in human embryos. Firstly, we produced a 293T cell line with an exogenous HBB -28 (A>G) mutant fragment for gRNAs and targeting efficiency evaluation. Then we collected primary skin fibroblast cells from a β-thalassemia patient with HBB -28 (A>G) homozygous mutation. Data showed that base editor could precisely correct HBB -28 (A>G) mutation in the patient's primary cells. To model homozygous mutation disease embryos, we constructed nuclear transfer embryos by fusing the lymphocyte or skin fibroblast cells with enucleated in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes. Notably, the gene correction efficiency was over 23.0% in these embryos by base editor. Although these embryos were still mosaic, the percentage of repaired blastomeres was over 20.0%. In addition, we found that base editor variants, with narrowed deamination window, could promote G-to-A conversion at HBB -28 site precisely in human embryos. Collectively, this study demonstrated the feasibility of curing genetic disease in human somatic cells and embryos by base editor system.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for carriers of thalassemia and chromosomal abnormality / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD) for two couples carrying thalassemia mutations and chromosomal abnormalities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Couple 1 were both carriers of β 41/42 thalassemia mutations, while the husband has carried a reciprocal translocation with a karyotype of 46,XY,inv(9)(p11;q13),t(11;22)(q25;q13). Couple 2 were both carriers of α (-SEA) thalassemia mutation. Their chromosome karyotypes were both normal, but had two spontaneous abortions. The couples had received 1 and 3 blastocysts respectively through in vitro fertilization(IVF) cycles. Following the biopsy, the cells underwent whole genome amplification, and the amplified DNA from each embryo was subjected to genetic testing and a 23-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) microarray assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The embryo of couple 1 was diagnosed as carrier of β 41/42 thalassemia with euploid chromosomes. The embryo was transferred and resulted in intrauterine pregnancy. Similarly, an embryo of couple 2 was verified as carrier of α (-SEA) thalassemia with euploid chromosomes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PGD for aneuploidy coupled with testing for single gene disorders via trophectoderm biopsy and whole genome amplification is feasible. The approach can attain diagnosis with minimal damage with sound clinical outcome.</p>

Clinical analysis of preimplantation genetic diagnosis with HLA matching for beta-thalassemia / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching for beta-thalassemia. Methods A total of 43 referred beta-thalassemia couples, with at least on child in need of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), underwent PGD for HLA matching at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2010 to 2015. PGD cycles of these couples were retrospectively analyzed, and 15 infants born from PGD-HLA were followed up. Results A total of 84 oocyte retrieval cycles were performed, providing 14±7 oocytes per cycle. Fifty nine embryos biopsied cycles were done, including 24 cleavage stage and 35 blastocyst stage biopsy cycles. In cleavage stage, 259 embryos were biopsied, 93.4% (242/259) of them with conclusive molecular diagnosis, and the percentage of unaffected embryos (normo-homozygote and heterozygote) was 71.4%(185/259). The percentage of HLA matched unaffected embryos was 9.3%(24/259). In blastocyst stage, 306 embryos were biopsied, while 93.8% (287/306) of them were conclusive, and the percentage of unaffected embryos was 70.6% (216/306). The percentage of HLA matched unaffected embryos in blastocyst stage biopsy was 14.4%(44/306), which was higher than in cleavage stage biopsy (P<0.05). Forty three female carriers underwent 48 embryo transfer cycles including 3 fresh and 45 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Three fresh embryo transfer cycles were done after cleavage stage biopsy, resulted in a birth of healthy twins born at 36 weeks′gestation. All the embryos were frozen after blastocyst biopsied. Totally, 54 frozen-thawed embryos that were transferred in 45 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles included 25 embryo from cleavage stage biopsy and 29 embryo from blastocyst stage biopsy, and 42 of them were HLA matched. Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate per cycle in frozen-thawed embryo transfer were 38%(17/45) and 37%(20/54) respectively. A total of 15 infants were born, 2 were from a fresh embryo transfer cycle, and 13 were from frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Results of prenatal diagnosis from delivered cases were matched to that of PGD. Four sick children have been cured by HSCT from these HLA matched born siblings. Conclusion PGD with HLA matching is an established method for conceiving a child who may donate hematopoietic stem cells to save an ill sibling.

Spontaneous ovulation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist：a large-sample retrospective study / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the premature spontaneous ovulation rates in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), as well as the risk factors for premature spontaneous ovulation. Methods The rates of premature spontaneous ovulation in a total of 10 612 cycles using GnRH-ant or GnRH-a were compared. Matched case-controlled study and binary logistic regression model were conducted to analyze the risk factors for premature spontaneous ovulation. Results The spontaneous ovulation rate in the whole for GnRH-a cycles was 0.15%(13/8 514), compared with a 1.62%(34/2 098) in GnRH-ant cycles (P<0.01). Further matched controlled study and regression analyze found out that higher basal FSH level was a predominant risk and prediction factor for spontaneous ovulation (OR=1.20, P=0.009). Conclusions In GnRH-ant cycles, spontaneous ovulation rate is about 10 times than which in GnRH-a cycles. Diminished ovarian function is a predominate risk factor for premature spontaneous ovulation.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of infantile malignant osteopetrosis in a Chinese family / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>For a family affected with IMO, PGD was provided using combined parental mutation detection and haplotype constructions with microsatellite markers spanning the TCIRG1 gene. Prenatal diagnosis was performed on the chorionic villus and amniocentesis samples by direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prenatal diagnosis showed that the fetus by the third pregnancy has carried the parental mutations [c.242delC (p.Pro81Argfs*85) and c.1114C>T (p.Gln372*)], and the pregnancy was terminated. PGD was subsequently performed through mutations detection and haplotype analyses following whole genome amplification (WGA) of each of 13 cells. The results showed that 6 of the 13 embryos were unaffected, 3 were carriers and 4 were affected. Well developed unaffected/carrier embryos were selected and transferred into the uterus. A single pregnancy was confirmed. Subsequently pre- and post-natal diagnoses have confirmed development of a healthy child.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study demonstrated the advantage of PGD over prenatal diagnosis when natural pregnancies have repeatedly produced IMO children/fetuses.</p>

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes

Genome editing tools such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated system (Cas) have been widely used to modify genes in model systems including animal zygotes and human cells, and hold tremendous promise for both basic research and clinical applications. To date, a serious knowledge gap remains in our understanding of DNA repair mechanisms in human early embryos, and in the efficiency and potential off-target effects of using technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 in human pre-implantation embryos. In this report, we used tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes to further investigate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human cells. We found that CRISPR/Cas9 could effectively cleave the endogenous β-globin gene (HBB). However, the efficiency of homologous recombination directed repair (HDR) of HBB was low and the edited embryos were mosaic. Off-target cleavage was also apparent in these 3PN zygotes as revealed by the T7E1 assay and whole-exome sequencing. Furthermore, the endogenous delta-globin gene (HBD), which is homologous to HBB, competed with exogenous donor oligos to act as the repair template, leading to untoward mutations. Our data also indicated that repair of the HBB locus in these embryos occurred preferentially through the non-crossover HDR pathway. Taken together, our work highlights the pressing need to further improve the fidelity and specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 platform, a prerequisite for any clinical applications of CRSIPR/Cas9-mediated editing.

Clinical investigation to compare aCGH and FISH in preimplantationgenetic diagnosis of chromosome translocation carriers / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical use of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in preimplantion genetic diagnosis (PGD)for reciprocal and Robertsonian translocation carriers.Methods From Jan.2012 to Jun.2013,a total of 220 PGD cycles from 151 reciprocal translocation and 62 Robertsonian translocation carrier couples,including 33 cycles for reciprocal translocation carriers and 22 cycles for Robertsonian translocation carriers performed using array CGH,and 119 cycles for reciprocal translocation carriers and 46 cycles for Robertsonian translocation carriers performed using FISH were retrospectively studied.The rate of accurate diagnosis was compared between two methods.Results Normal and/or balance rates of the two translocated chromosomes detected by aCGH for both reciprocal and Robertsonian translocation carriers were 38.20％ (123/322) and 67.20％ (127/189),significantly higher than 15.39％ (195/1 267) and 30.75％ (202/657) by FISH (all P ＜0.05).Abnormal rates of the two translocated chromosomes detected by aCGH for both reciprocal and Robertsonian translocation carriers were 59.32％ (191/322) and 30.69％ (58/189),significantly lower than 83.03％ (1 052/1 267) and 67.43％ (443/657) by FISH (all P ＜ 0.05).And the rate of aneu ploidy in non-translocated chromosome from reciprocal translocation embryos was 20.19％ (65/322),which was significantly lower than 38.62％ (13/189) from Robertsonian translocation embryos (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Normal and/or balance rates of the two translocated chromosomes detected by array CGH were significantly higher than FISH.And the rate of aneuploidy in non-translocated chromosomes from reciprocal translocation embryos was significantly lower than that from Robertsonian translocation embryos.

A preliminary study on the application of array comparative genomic hybridization for preimplantaion genetic diagnosis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) technique for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Array CGH was performed on three types of cells, which included 3-5 cells isolated from B2/C38/A1 embryonic stem cell lines, single cells isolated from two discarded normal fertilized embryos, and 10 blastocysts biopsied from 5 couples undergoing PGD for chromosomal translocations. For the 10 blastocysts, 8 were abnormal embryos, 1 appeared to be normal but showed arrested development, and 1 embryo was without any fluorescence signals. 24sure V3 or 24sure+ array chips were applied for CGH analysis. The results were analyzed with a BlueFuse Multi software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The results of cells from B2/C3/A1 embryo stem cells by array CGH were consistent with karyotyping analysis. (2) For the 6 single cell samples from two discarded embryos, 2 blastomeres from one embryo were diagnosed as with aneuploidy and a normal karyotype, respectively. Two out of 4 blastomeres biopsied from another embryo were normal, whilst the remaining two were diagnosed with aneuploidies of -22 and +13. Repeated detection with 24sure+ array was consistent with the 24sure V3 result. (3) Ten cell masses from 10 embryos in PGD cycles were successfully analyzed with array CGH, among which four were confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on day 3. In two of them, array CGH confirmed FISH diagnosis. For the remaining two, additional aneuploidies for chromosomes not tested by FISH were discovered by array CGH. Another embryo diagnosed as no signal by FISH was found to have trisomy 13 by array CGH. The remaining 5 embryos also showed discordant results by FISH and array CGH. One embryo from a Robertsonian translocation carrier was found to have monosomy 13 by FISH but trisomy 14 and additional aneuploidies by both 24sure V3 and 24sure+ chips. One embryo with many fragments and arrested development by D5 showed discordant results by FISH and array CGH. However, the FISH and array CGH results for other two embryos from this reciprocal translocation carrier were consistent. Three embryos with inconsistent results by FISH and array CGH had a chromosomal translocation involving q11 region.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Array CGH is useful for PGD applications for its capability to detect structural chromosomal abnormalities through screening of aneuploidies. However, the 24sure V3 array may not suit detection of translocations with breakpoints close to the q11 region of chromosomes.</p>

Different gene expressions in patients with severe preeclampsia / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate gene expression profile in peripheral leucocytes of patients with severe preeclampsia (SPE) during 16-20 gestational weeks to see if there are different expression between normal pregnancy and SPE, and to provide the evidence for predicting the pathogenesis of preeclampsia in the future. Methods Eight hundred primipara who accepted pregnancy examination at the First Affiliated of Hospital SUN YAT-SEN University from August 2008 to December 2008 were selected into this study. The gestational age of all objects were confirmed as 16-20 weeks by ultrasonography. And they were followed up until delivered. Six patients developed severe preeclampsia (SPE group); and 40 pregnant women without any complications were chosen as the control. Human genome complementary DNA (cDNA) single-fluorescent chip were used to detect the different gene expression in peripheral leucocytes between normal pregnancy and SPE at 16-20 gestation weeks. Results There were different expressions in 983 genes between SPE group and control group, among which 719 genes were up-regulated and 264 genes were down-regulated in the SPE group. Up-regulating genes mainly involved in immunity, coagulation and fibrinolysis, signal transduction, cell adhesion, transcription and protein synthesis; and the expression of platelet and T cell activation antigen 1 (PTA1/CD226), bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI), interleukin-8 (IL-8), protein kinase C (PKC), lymphocyte antigen 75 (LY-75), mucoprotein and EGFR pathway substrate 8 (EPS8) were significantly increased in SPE patients. Down-regulating genes mainly involved in apoptosis, calcium metabolism, lipid metabolism and cell transformation; and the expression of adrenomedullin (ADM), killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) were significantly decreased in SPE patients. Conclusions The gene expressions of peripheral leucocytes in pre-eclampsia patients were different from those of normal pregnant women during 16-20 gestational weeks. Gene CD226, BPI, IL-8, PKC, ADM, KIR and VDR might participate in the pathogenesis of SPE which should be further investigated.

Clinical analysis of 100 preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate influence of chromosomal translocations on early embryo development and to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)techniques through clinical analysis on PGD cycles. Methods Embryo development, efficacy of PGD and clinical outcome of 100 cycles were studied retrospectively, including 23 cycles with Robertsonian translocations, 19 cycles with reciprocal translocations, and 58 cycles for α-Thalassaemia. Results Among 354 embryos biopsied by PGD for translocations, 321 (90. 7% ) presented fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results. The rate of normal/balanced embryos in the Robertsonian translocation was 38. 3% (64/167),which was significantly higher than 20. 8% (32/154) in the reciprocal translocation group. Amplification was achieved in 443 blastomeres from 537 embryos in Thalassaemia group, which given to an amplification efficiency rate of 82. 5% ( 443/537 ). Totally, 140 normal homozygous, 112 heterozygotes and 155 affected homozygous embryos were identified, while 36 embryos had uncertain result. The successful diagnostic rate was 75.8% (407/537). After 3 days in the translocation groups, the rate of normal and/or balanced translocations in biopsed embryos with ≥7 cells was 34. 4% (77/224), which was significantly higher than 19. 6% ( 19/97 ) of biopsed embryos with ＜ 7 cells. After 4 days, the compaction rate in normal/balanced embryos was 59.4% ( 57/96 ), which was significantly higher than 34. 2% ( 77/225 ) in imbalanced embryos significantly. Seventy-five embryos transferred in 37 cycles with translocations group led to clinical pregnancy rate of 27.0% (10/37), and 170 embryos transferred in 58 cycles with Thalassaemia got a clinical pregnancy rate of 43. 1% ( 25/58 ) . Conclusions PGD can provide management efficiently for both chromosome translocations and Thalassaemia. Translocations might have slightly negative impact on embryo development before implantation.

Effect of Human Feeders on Growth of Human Embryonic Stem Cells / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] The aim was to choose the best feeder layer by observing the effects of various human feeders supporting human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and to probe the correlation between the levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) secreted by feeders and the growth of the hESCs. [Methods] The primary cells from various tissues were cultured, including foreskin, stromal endometrium, villus, adult fallopian tubal, fetal skin, fetal muscle and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The hESCs were transferred to various feeders, and then the best condition was probed, which was based on the feeder density and the time of mitomycin-C acting on the feeder. Comparing the characteristics of the hESCs, the best feeder was chosen of all kinds of feeders from various tissues that support the hESCs. The level of bFGF secreted by various feeders was detected using ELISA. [Results] All of tested feeders could support the hESCs growth for over 10 passages in the culture, especially the foreskin and the adult fallopian tubal. The density of feeders was related with the morphology and the differentiation rate of the hESCs. According to the characteristics of feeder, the feeder ranking was as follows: foreskin, stromal endometrium, villus, adult fallopian tubal, fetal skin and fetal muscle. Based on the characteristics of the hESCs, the order of feeders was: foreskin, adult fallopian tubal, stromal endometrium, villus, fetal muscle and fetal skin. The levels of bFGF (pg·10~(-5)·mL~(-1)) secreted by various feeders were as follows: adult fallopian tubal (13.23±3.39), foreskin (1.99±0.17), villus (1.40±0.17), fetal muscle (2.02 ±1.59), stromal endometrium (0.38±0.28), and fetal skin (0.29±0.29). [Conclusion] The foreskin and the adult fallopian tubal could support the hESCs better than others though all of them could;do, especially the, foreskin. The bFGF that secreted by the adult fallopian tubal was the highest of all. The correlation was not obvious .between the levels of bFGF secreted by feeders and the growth of the hESCs.

Comparing Results with Immature Germinal Vesicle Oocytes From Different In-vitro Fertilization Cycles / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] This study compared outcomes of in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles after IVM of immature germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes.[Methods] ICSI was performed on metaphase II (MII) oocytes retrieved in 163 IVF-ICSI cycles (group I;n ＝ 987) or matured from GV stage oocytes in IVF-ICSI ( group II;n ＝ 132) and 37 IVM cycles ( group III;n ＝ 235).Fertilization and cleavage rates and embryo quality were compared among the three groups.[Results] The fertilization rate,cleavage rate and top quality embryos rate were higher in group I than group II and group III (84.9%,98.1%,and 61.6%;72.0%,90.5% and 22.1%l;75.3%,94.4%,and 25.1%,respectively).Blastomere numbers and morphology scores were highest in group I (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant differences existed between group II and group III.[Conclusion] The morphology of embryos developed from in vivo MII oocytes was superior to those from in vitro matured MII oocytes.No significant difference was observed in embryo morphology from immature GV oocytes in IVF and IVM cycles.

Effect of double gene transduction mediated by lentiviral vectors on characteristics of human embryonic stem cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study the effect of double gene transduction mediated by lentiviral vectors on the characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS: Using the backbone from inducibal dual and excisable transgene vector (iDuet101) , lentiviral vectors overexpressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte - associated molecule - 4 immuno-globulin (iDuet101 - CTLA4Ig) , indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (iDuet101 - IDO) , and ubiquitin - C promoter - lueifer-ase - ires - puromycin ( ULIP) were constructed and packaged according to the standard recombinant techniques. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were first transduced with iDuet101, iDuet101 - CTLA4Ig or iDuet101 - IDO, then, after the selection, were transduced again with ULIP. The expression and function of the exogenous genes were detected. Immu-nohistochemistry, RT - PCR and flow cytometry were applied for detection of embryoid bodies ( EB) formation in vitro and in vivo teratoma formation. RESULTS: Double - transduced hESCs showed typical shape of cell clones and positive staining of tumor rejection antigen -1 - 60 ( Tra -1 - 60 ) and octomer transcription factor - 4 ( OCT - 4 ). The formation of EB was observed, in which a - fetoprotein (AFP), paired box gene 6 ( Pax6) and Musashi 1 ( MSI1) were positively expressed. The cells formed teratomas, and the luciferase signals existed until 28 days after xeno - transplantation. CONCLUSION : Double transduction of non - transcriptional factors mediated by lentiviral vectors does not affect the cell growth rate and their differentiation ability.

Genetic analysis of chorionic villi specimen in spontaneous abortion using various methods / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA)combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and comparative genomie hybridization (CGH)combined with FISH in genetic analysis of chorionic villi specimen(CVS)of spontaneous abortion.Methods CGH+FISH and MLPA+FISH were used for genetic analysis of 29 CVS from spontaneous abortion and 6 normal CVS from selective abortion,in the mean time,those results were compared with conventional eytogenetic karyotyping.Results The report time were 40 hours in MLPA+FISH and 120 houm in CGH+FISH.The mean time of chorionic villi culture was(240±72)hours.The successful rate of specimen analysis were 97%(34/35)in CGH,100%(35/35)in MLPA,100%(35/35)in FISH and 91%(32/35)in conventional cytogenetic karyotyping.Apart from 1 case failed in CGH analysis,the results from MLPA+FISH were almost similar to that from CGH+FISH,however,that 1 specimen failed in CGH were detected successfully by MLPA+FISH.The discrepancy rate were 13%(4/31)in CGH+FISH and 12%(4/32)in MLPA+FISH respectively when compared with conventional cytogenetic analysis.Conclusions MLPA+FISH analysis present shorter detecting time and achieve 100%tale of successful report.This combined method was an important adjuvant approach to conventional cytogenetic karyotyping in CVS from spontaneous abortion.

Efficiency comparison between two preimplantation genetic diagnostic methods for chromosomal translocation carriers / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficiency between blastomere preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and polar body PGD for chromosomal translocation carriers. Methods Group A had 8 cycles using whole painting probes for the first polar body diagnosis, while group B had 29 cycles using two subtelomeric probes and one centromeric probe for the blastomere diagnosis. Results The fertilization rate of group A was significantly lower than group B [66. 1% (72/109) vs 85.2% (304/357) , P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the successful biopsy rate between two groups. However, group A had a significantly higher loss rate during fixation and higher no signal rate after fluorescence in situ hybridization [ FISH, 9. 6% (12/104) vs 1.6% (4/252), 11.2% (10/89) vs 3.0% (7/233) ]. Totally, the diagnostic efficiency in group A (72. 5% ,79/109 ) was significantly lower than that in group B( 89. 8%, 230/256, P < 0. 05 ). Although both the clinical pregnancy rate( 3/7 ) and implantation rate( 22. 2% ,4/18 ) of group A were higher, the differences were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion Both methods can be used efficiently in the PGD for chromosomal translocation carriers. Blastomere PGD has a higher diagnostic rate.

Inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus by small interfering RNA / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus replication, and to lay bases for the future clinical application of siRNA for the treatment of viral infectious diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Vero-E6 cells was transfected with siRNA before SARS virus infection, and the effectiveness of siRNA interference was evaluated by observing the cytopathic effect (CPE) on Vero-E6 cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five pairs of siRNA showed ability to reduce CPE dose dependently, and two of them had the best effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>siRNA may be effective in inhibiting SARS-associated coronavirus replication.</p>

Preimplantation gender diagnosis by fluorescence in situ hybridization / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the clinical application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH ) in preimplantation gender diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Preimplantation gender diagnosis was performed in 2 female hemophilia A carriers, 1 male patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and 2 male patients with Y chromosome abnormality. Embryo sex was identified by FISH in total of 6 treatment cycles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 123 cumulus-oocytes were retrieved in 6 treatment cycles. Sixty-one embryos were available for embryo biopsy. The success rate of biopsy was 86.9% (53/61), with a further cleavage rate of 62.3% (33/53). In the FISH procedure, one cell was lost during fixation, leading to a 98.1% (52/53) fixation rate. Totally, 16 female embryos and 3 male embryos were transferred to 5 patients in 6 cycles. Three healthy babies were born. The diagnosis was confirmed by subsequent analysis of amniocytes and embryonic buds after embryo reduction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FISH is an efficient and reliable technique for determining the sex of human preimplantation embryos. Selective abortion and births of affected children can be avoided by preimplantation gender diagnosis.</p>

STUDIES ON THE CLONAL GROWTH AND PASSAGE OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS / 解剖学报

Objective Try to determine the relationship between blastocyst quality,the clonal growth of inner cell mass(ICM)and the establishment of human embryonic cell line. Methods Coculture D 3 discarded embryos with mouse embryonic fibroblast cells(MEFs).Then remove trophoectoderm by immunosurgery after getting different quality blastocysts.Culture ICM and passage these cells on MEFs. Results Human embryonic stem cells derived from good quality blastocysts could be passaged further than that from poor quality blastocysts,and ICMs growing fast could be passaged more quickly and efficiently.Conclusion The establishment of human embryonic stem cells is closely related with blastocyst quality and the original growth of ICM.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Robertsonian Translocation Carrier / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

【Objective】To perform preimplanation genetic diagnosis by using dual color fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH).【Methods】The chemical and mechanical division methods were used to perform embryo biopsy in 3 cases of Robertsonian translocation t (13q14q).Vysis LSI 13q14 and Tel Vysion 14q probes were used to detect the blastomeres biopsied from the IVF embryos of the patients.FISH analysis was performed to select normal or balanced karyotype embryos ,which then were transfered into the uterus.【Results】Total of 23 oocytes were retrieved in 3 treatment cycles.Fertilization rate was 79%.14 embryos were available for embryo biopsy.Among them,9 embryos were biopsied by chemical division method,with further cleavage rate of 67%;5 embryos were biopsied by mechanical division method,with further cleavage rate of 40%.Single embryo was diagnosed as normal karyotype or balanced respectively in 2 treatment cycles.Both of them were transfered into the uterus.One clinical normal on-going pregnancy was achieved,the diagnosis was confirmed by amniocyte karyotype analysis.【Conclusion】Preimplanation genetic diagnosis can be used to resolve the problem of fertility for Robertsonian Translocation Carriers.